DOMINGO 28 JANUARY 2024 This PDF edition literary Paper occurs with support • Nelson Rivera Address •Production PDF Luis Mancipe León •Design and diagramming Victor Hugo Rodríguez •Correo e. riveranelsonrivera@gmail.com/https://www.elnacional.com/papel-literario/•Twitter @papelliterario SCRIBE OSCAR MARTÍNEZ ON ALFREDO MEZA: Alfredo, as a good reporter who knows that to understand who remained, visited the pran in their domains for three years followed. Alfredo, as a good reporter who knows a voice it's always little, he talked to the acolytes of the criminal, with whom they venerated him in the streets, with those who suffered him. Some those people, like Judge Mariela Casado, suffered him to death. the point of wanting to erase part of their lives. NELSON RIVERA To the memory of Marianne Kohn Beker I Between 1921 and 1922 the Bolsheviks learned that hunger is a weapon lethal. Then to the aftermath of the war added the expropriations and collectivization. Production is he came to the ground. In scenes of indignation, , armed bodies of the communists the grain produced in Ukraine, “the barn of Europe.” The peasants trying to keep something they had produced, , they were shot down. The requisites were executed without compassion. To whom they resisted, shot them and burned them the house. Diseases they spread through fields, towns and cities. People were starving. Them corpses were piled up. Persons in the last state of extenuation they were forced to dig ditches: there they threw the exangüe bodies out of the they died. A scene is enough: a witness saw a woman who had died sitting at the foot of a tree. In his lap, , a baby still alive, tried suction from his chest. At least 3 million people died within 30 months. I repeat: more than three million in 30 months. 1933 is the year that marks the beginning of a tragic time for life and civilization: Hitler ascends to power Germany and Stalin initiates the intended process to consolidate his personal dictatorship. Despite their differences, one and others believed that the State should, at the cost to have control of the land and agriculture. The Fifth Plan 1928 promoted by Stalin had his center in the collectivization. The vision hitler consisted of snatching the land poland and the Soviet Union, , kill or enslav the peasants. Stalin conceived it as a war. for the grain. Hitler as a right of a higher race. They both had a Ukraine as an expensive target. II Ukraine, 1933. Day after day, up to forty a thousand people lined up for exchange a coupon for a small bread bar. Often the tails lasted two days. People who just had delivered harvests to groups armed, he came out to beg. Pululaban What's next is not a review, but more well a reaction to book by historian american Timothy Snyder (1969), Lands of blood. Europe between Hitler and Stalin, rigorous and systematic count of the practice of mass murder, , that reached his climax with the Holocaust the sick. They were dead in their houses, schools, streets. La. police had instructions to collect the kids and lock them up. In a barracks of Jartov, the number of children I expected death reached twenty thousand. In the diary of a bureaucrat of the barracks was written: “the children they ask us to get them out of here, we let them die outdoors.” In December it was announced that the kulaks they'd be annihilated. He was murdered. persons who had not committed an offence any. He was killed for “necessity historical”. It was executed or deported to the peasants (in 1929 it had plucked the massive construction of fields concentration; the GULAG arrived 476 complexes and a population of convicted persons of 18 million , of which more than three million died in their facilities). Them peasants fought. The Communists ukraine tried to mediate. Between four and five thousand people died executed or hunger every day. Stalin said the peasants demoralized the revolution with its “lovers.” The famine became evidence of disloyalty. Who was it? of hunger was considered an agent of imperialism. Having food was a crime. Laws and laws were produced result was a greater mortanity. The agents of the Communist Party arrived at night to the houses of the women whose husbands had been deported: they raped them and took everything. what they found. Hunger was denounced as sabotage to socialism. “In the last weeks of 1932, , when there were no external threats nor internal dangers, without any other justification to prove that his dictates were inexorable, , Stalin chose to kill millions of people in Soviet Ukraine. Adopted a posture of pure bad faith, in which the ukrainian peasant was the aggressor and him, Stalin, the victim.” Hundreds of thousands of peasant families became as traitors to the state. The average of daily deaths reached the ten thousand. First they were cats and dogs. Later, carrion. Finally, cannibalism spread until the unimaginable: children who devoured his newly dead brothers. She was in prostitution for flour. “Those who did not want to kill other men. Parents died who did not want to fall into cannibalism, , and their children died later.” Staff communists reported that 1933 died for starvation, in all the Soviet Union, more than 5 million and a half of people. Of them, almost four millions were Ukrainians. But that, according to the communists, was not more than a necessary chapter in the history of human progress. III 1933: Himmler orders to operationalize to Dachau, the first field of nazi concentration (before 1945 will be built over a thousand fields). The Jews are beaten in the streets, , stolen, boycotted doctors, lawyers and merchants. Hitler says, it's the “ spontaneous” of the people in the face of exploitation jewish. Laws entered into force restricting the participation of the jews in education, agriculture, , work and economy. Between 1933 and 1939 the hitler regime would approve 1400 laws against the Jewish people (1). In 1933 the demons will be released in the Shoah. “Part of Stalin’s political talent resided in his ability to associate outdoor threats with failures of your internal policy, as if both were the same and he didn't. is responsible for any,” he writes Timothy Snyder. Between 1934 and 1939 Stalin charged against society itself soviet. He said in a toast, his cup raised: “We will destroy without mercy to anyone who, for his made or by his thoughts—yes, , his thoughts! — threatens unity of the socialist state.” Between 1937- 1938 the Great Terror had its climax. Police members were a judges, jurors and executioners. Allanaban. They tortured. It was persecuted. with obscene teson to enemies imaginary. Trapped at the end of the pain, , the detainees invented plots of new arrests, , torments and false confessions. The story of the invented crimes acquired fantastic proportions. One young illiterate, who cleaned the bathroom in an inn located 50 kilometres of Tobolks, in Siberia, was shot for having a postcard from Paris (2). IV Orders were issued, one after the other, , 27 JANUARY أعربية MINATION DAY FOR THE VICTIMS OF HOLOCAUSTO East of Hitler, west of Stalin to deport and execute citizens. Each order reached strambotic figures: run 79,950 people and deport another 193 thousand to penalties between 8 and 10 years. They set quotas. Them agents should be ferocious. La. flake was tantamount to betrayal. The quotas were divided between 64 administrative regions. A troika chose the first persons to be interrogated and tortured. A few they were enough for the body blossoming confessions alien to reality. On 21 July 1937 Stalin put his signature in an order which allowed the beating of detainees until they confessed. The Troikas they fought each other for being efficient. There were some five-fold. your goals. Just a minute. to determine whether a defendant should go to the GULAG or be executed. It's famous. performance achieved by leningrad troika, which in a day 7 hours night, checked files and sentenced to death 658 people. More productivity: 15 nVDK agents from Moscow executed 20,761 people in Butovo, , in less than two years. At the end 1939 700 thousand citizens executed, 300 thousand of which were ukrainians and poles. Between 1937 and 1938 more than 250 thousand citizens were liquidated by order stalin, based on ethnic reasons. Order 00485 defined that some nationalities they were enemies of the State. The sana he acted against poles-soviets could form a catalogue of the horrors of 20th century. Ten years of GULAG for having a rosary. Death for not reaching the ordered agricultural production. The NKVD patented the ‘conference’ method: met from 20 to 30 suspects a basement. One was chosen to be tortured to death, in front of rest. The following were collected confessions that revealed the link of each with a supposed Organization Polish military. (Continue on page 2) AUSCHWITZ RUNS / AUSCHWITZ MUSEUM 1933 is the year which marks the beginning of a tragic time for life